Free Essays on The Novels Focus On Inner Experience And Everyday Life

Question 7: How does the novel as a sort politicize the area of regular daily existence and inward experience? â€Å"The epic was the central instrument by which more seasoned thoughts of social worth (...) were dislodged. (...) The tale assumed an amazing political job in its own way.† Richard Kroll sums up here one of Nancy Armstrong’s fundamental contentions in Desire and Domestic Fiction: A Political History of the Novel (1987) and this statement could likewise be the rundown of this article. The tale as a class increased political significance for two reasons: Firstly, the improvement of what Kroll calls â€Å"literature’s material conditions† caused a development of proficiency in England. The tale rose out and utilized this improvement to welcome issues on the space of regular day to day existence and inward experience into open conversation, and in this way to political significance. Also, as the paper question suggests, there are sort explicit highlights, which â€Å"make† the space of regular day to day existence and inward experience â€Å"political in tone† and give them political pertinence. The difference in the writing material conditions is critical, for the conversation how the area of regular daily existence and inward experience won political significance through the novel. Ian Watt states in his The ascent of the novel as a circuitous consequence of the book shops that writing was brought away from the control of the support to the control of the laws of the commercial center . A writer needed to fulfill not, at this point certain guidelines of a supporter however was allowed to compose fundamentally, as long as their books were sold. One side outcome was the expansion of female journalists around then, who like Jane Austen in Northanger Abbey and Mary Shelley in Frankenstein censured the female job in the public arena. Because of the overall expense of books and the making of flowing libraries they arrived at a larger number of perusers than previously. Eve Tavor Bannet claims: â€Å"Lady authors (...) surely knew the force that fictions exercis... Free Essays on The Novels Focus On Inner Experience And Everyday Life Free Essays on The Novels Focus On Inner Experience And Everyday Life Question 7: How does the novel as a classification politicize the area of regular daily existence and internal experience? â€Å"The epic was the central instrument by which more established ideas of social worth (...) were uprooted. (...) The tale assumed a ground-breaking political job in its own way.† Richard Kroll sums up here one of Nancy Armstrong’s fundamental contentions in Desire and Domestic Fiction: A Political History of the Novel (1987) and this statement could likewise be the synopsis of this exposition. The epic as a kind increased political significance for two reasons: Firstly, the improvement of what Kroll calls â€Å"literature’s material conditions† caused a development of proficiency in England. The epic rose out and utilized this improvement to welcome issues on the area of regular daily existence and inward experience into open conversation, and along these lines to political significance. Also, as the paper question infers, there are type explicit highlights, which â€Å"make† the space of regular day to day existence and inward experience â€Å"political in tone† and give them political importance. The difference in the writing material conditions is huge, for the conversation how the space of regular day to day existence and internal experience won political significance through the novel. Ian Watt states in his The ascent of the novel as an aberrant consequence of the book retailers that writing was brought away from the control of the support to the control of the laws of the commercial center . A writer needed to fulfill not, at this point certain guidelines of a supporter yet was allowed to compose basically, as long as their books were sold. One side outcome was the expansion of female authors around then, who like Jane Austen in Northanger Abbey and Mary Shelley in Frankenstein scrutinized the female job in the public arena. Because of the general expense of books and the formation of circling libraries they arrived at a greater number of perusers than previously. Eve Tavor Bannet claims: â€Å"Lady authors (...) surely knew the force that fictions exercis...

The Life Of Walt Disney Film Studies Essay

The Life Of Walt Disney Film Studies Essay At the point when he showed up back to the United States, Walt moved back to Kansas City where he dealt with a few unique occupations as a business craftsman and a sketch artist. One of these employments was an impermanent agreement with the Pesmen-Rubin Art Studio where he made advertisements for papers, magazines and cinemas. It was at the Pesmen-Rubin Art Studio where Walt met Ubbe Iwerks with whom he set up Iwerks-Disney Commercial Artists, which Disney before long left and started working at Kansas City Film Ad Company where he made cut out movement advertisements. Disney chose he needed to turn into an artist, he read a book called Animated Cartoons: How They Are Made, Their Origin and Development through which he found out about cel movement which he saw as substantially more encouraging then pattern activity. He was permitted to get a camera from work to analyze at home. He enlisted individual Kansas City Film Ad Company worker, Fred Harman as his own first representative and the two protected an arrangement with nearby performance center proprietor Frank L. Newman to screen their kid's shows which they titled Laugh-O-Grams. The kid's shows were immensely fruitful in the Kansas City zone and from their prosperity Disney had the option to set up his own studio additionally called Laugh-O-Gram and furthermore recruit various artists including Fred Harman and Ubbe Iwerks. The organization before long failed as the studios benefits couldn't pay for the illustrators significant compensations and Walt couldn't deal with the cash. After the disappointment of Laugh-O-Grams, Walt put his focus on Hollywood, where he got together with his more seasoned sibling Roy and utilizing the twos aggregate subsidizes they set up an animation studio. At this stage a New York merchant Margaret Winkler marked an arrangement for some cutting edge/vivified shorts dependent on Alices Wonderland, which Walt had chipped away at in Kansas City with Iwerks. Walt and Roy had now set up Disney Brothers Studio, a solitary story expanding on Hyperion Avenue, LA where the organization stayed until 1939. The Alice Comedies were very effective until wrapping up in 1927 by which time the emphasis was generally on the energized characters in the arrangement instead of the no frills Alice, particularly Julius, a dark feline that looked like Felix the Cat. In 1925, Disney had recruited Lillian Bounds to ink and paint celluloid, Walt dated Lillian for a short time and two got hitched around the same time. In 1927, Margaret Winklers spouse, Charles B. Mintz had assumed control over her business and requested Disney Studios to make another vivified arrangement to be appropriated through Universal Pictures. Oswald the Lucky Rabbit was the new arrangement and was a moment achievement. Oswald, a character drawn and made by Iwerks turned into a famous figure. The organization was doing so well that Walt employed 4 additional illustrators. In February 1928, Mintz and Disney met to talk about another charge for the shorts. Disney was searching for a higher installment yet Mintz educated him that not exclusively was he decreasing the charge per short however that he had taken the vast majority of his primary illustrators (aside from outstandingly Iwerks) under agreement and could start his own studio if Disney didn't acknowledge the cuts and that Universal, not Disney, possessed the trademark of Oswald the Rabbit so they could keep on making the movies without Disney. Disney declined Charles M intzs offer and lost most of his movement staff and his adored Oswald the Rabbit. Subsequent to losing Oswald, Walt Disney felt like he required another way to deal with his kid's shows and new character to supplant Oswald. The new character depended on a mouse that Walt had embraced as a pet while working in Kansas City. Ub Iwerks took Disneys unpleasant representations of the mouse, making it simpler to quicken. The mouse was initially called Mortimer, yet later dedicated Mickey by Lillian Disney who thought the name Mortimer was too solid and persuaded him to go with Mickey. Mortimer later became Mickeys opponent for Minnie. Mickey originally featured in two quiet movies called Plane Crazy and The Gallopin Gaucho, both these movies neglected to discover a wholesaler. At this point other film studios in Hollywood had started utilizing sound in their motion pictures and after Walt had seen The Jazz Singer, the primary film with sound, Disney chose to make the clench hand all-stable, talking and music animation with Mickey Mouse featuring as Steamboat Willie which was circulated by Cinephone (1928). After eight years, in 1936 pundits and fans everywhere throughout the world concurred that Mickey Mouse was the most perceived figure on earth. It was Walt himself that gave Mickeys voice until 1946. In spite of the fact that he had halted really attracting the kid's shows himself 1927, Disney depended on his illustrators to execute his thoughts which included propelling numerous other effective animation characters over this time including Donald Duck, Goofy and Pluto. In 1932, Disney got an uncommon Academy Award for the production of Mickey Mouse. Disneys Success kept on taking off all through the 30s and 40s, with 1937 1941 being known as The Golden Age of Animation. In 1934 Disney started making arrangements for a full length highlight liveliness, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs with an expected financial plan of $150,000 that wound up costing Disney $1.5 million. The studio really came up short on cash mid 1937 and needed to show a harsh slice of the film to advance officials at the Bank of America who gave them cash to complete creation. The debut on the 21st December 1937 was met with an overwhelming applause. The film was discharged in February 1938 and earned over $8 million on its first dramatic discharge, when the normal ticket cost was 25 pennies. On the achievement of Snow White, Disney had the option to manufacture fresh out of the box new studios in Burbank, which really got started in December 1939. Throughout the following four years, Disney created Pinocchio, Fantasia, Bambi and Dumbo and early creation work ha d begun on Peter Pan and Alice in Wonderland. In spite of the fact that the mid forties demonstrated hard for Disney the same number of the top artists picketed. Individual Politics For an amazing duration Walt Disney radiated the ideal open persona, however Walt has had numerous pundits during his life and since his demise. In the studios in Hyperion Ave, his workers knew him as Uncle Walt which at the time was an affectionate nickname and it appeared to be a benefit to them not to need to call their supervisor Sir or Mr. Disney. The illustrators buckled down hours to satisfy Disneys high guideline of flawlessness, Everybody cherished the studio, everyone euphorically worked after some time placing in all the hours required with no compensation, everyone loved one another and enjoyed Walt Bill Melendez, artist at Disney Studios 1937-1941. Be that as it may, when the studios moved to the new area at Burbank, Disney presented a high level of specialization among his work power changing activity into a creation line process, here finally was the normally arranged production line Disney had longed for. Walt flaunted the studio is a film called the hesitant winged s erpent where smiley white covered worked go joyfully about their day. Be that as it may, reality at the new studios wasnt all that it appeared. The laborers had been guaranteed that the move from Hyperion was beneficial for them just as Walt, yet this was not the situation, in reality a few specialists fell that is was here and there a weakening in their working conditions. Marie Beardsley was one of the craftsmen who made the move everything was isolated, everything got too large and excessively indifferent and I think that is the place the difficulty began. Through utilizing this manufacturing plant like technique in the studio had made a chain of importance of employments, at the top being the illustrators, all male and all hand picked by Disney underneath them was hundred of inkers and painters, who shaded in the a huge number of pictures that made every scene. They were all ladies. Marie Beardsley said it likely never at any point happened to Walt to place a man in the inking a nd painting㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ That was disparaging work, she review managers strolling around and remaining behind and other ladies to perceive how well they were inking and how quick they were painting. They were planned to see were they worth keeping on. Bill Melendez reviews Walt saying that ladies were Ok to be utilized in a modest limit in light of the fact that once they arrived at the age of thirty the hand got insecure so the time had come to dispose of them. Things had changed in the new studio and Disneys progressively oppressive style of the board implied for some that the words Uncle Walt took on a significantly more vile importance. Disney was uncommonly no nonsense for a Hollywood big cheese; Marie Beardsley reviews a reminder being sent around to all the young ladies in inking and painting saying that The wedded men in Disney were joyfully hitched and we need the entirety of the young ladies to get that, he loathed any kind of sexuality or in any event, associating among his workers. He and Lillian were together for a long time until his demise and nobody at Disney Studios reviews him ever indicating any enthusiasm for some other ladies. He really let one know of his illustrators that he adored Mickey Mouse more than any young lady hed ever known. On Walts 35th Birthday two of the illustrators made a film of Mickey and Minnie culminating their relationship, toward the finish of the film Walt stood up and said that it was extraordin ary movement, he at that point asked who had made it, the artists who made it stood up and Walt terminated them on the spot. Contextual investigation: Disney Corporation versus Fitzpatrick In 2001, Denise and Francis Fitzpatrick, a youthful expert couple from Ireland did the inconceivable and crushed The Walt Disney Company in a fight in court over the rights to the name of their character Piggley Pooh for a TV arrangement they needed to create. In 1999 Denise and Francis got a letter from Disney saying that the organization was contradicting their application for the trademark of Piggley Pooh in Europe in light of Disneys character Winnie The Pooh. The Fitzpatricks confronted a very nearly multi year long fight with one of the greatest diversion companies on the planet. In which they turned out to be inwardly, genuinely and monetarily broken. Winnie the Pooh is character from books composed by

How to Get Back Into a Routine After the Break

How to Get Back Into a Routine After the Break How to Get Back on Track After a Break From School How to Get Back on Track After a Break From School So, you’ve had an amazing summer and you’re probably still reliving those memories you made. Getting back to your school life routine can be hard when all you can think about is the fun things you did over the break. It’s hard to get excited for school after having so much fun. However, your school routine is extremely important, because it has a direct effect on your productivity, energy, and ability to digest information in your classes. Getting Back Into the School Life Routine Doesn’t Have to be Hard Switching from holiday or summer mode into your school life routine takes a bit of getting used to, especially if this is your first year away at college or university. With so many exciting things going on, it’s easy to get distracted and become unmotivated as time goes on. These 4 important tips will help you make sure you make the most out of this year and get on track for success. 1. Unpack And Settle in as Soon as Possible The longer you wait to unpack your bags or settle in your new dorm room, the more those suitcases and boxes are just going to sit there, and the longer they sit there, the less productive you’re going to be. It might seem silly that a packed suitcase would affect this, but it does. Those packed bags are going to remind you about the amazing break you had, and they’re going to hold you back from focusing on the tasks at hand your schoolwork. You’ll also find it’s easier to find things when you actually unpack! 2. Get Your Sleep Schedule Back on Track For many of us, summer or holiday breaks mean sleeping in and turning off the alarm clock. While not having to wake up early is an amazing feeling, the closer you get to going back to school the more you should focus on getting your sleep schedule on track. According to WebMD, most people need about 7 to 9 hours of sleep to be fully rested. Get into your sleep routine early, before you get back. Your body needs time to develop a sleep schedule, and if you go into your school life already getting enough sleep, you’ll be able to stay on track because your body will start giving you those cues. 3. Organize Your Schedule and Put it on The Wall It’s one thing to have your schedule planned out and in your iCal, but it’s another thing to check it often. Have your schedule written on a whiteboard, or even just printed out and attached to your bulletin board. This way, you can look at it every day before you leave and you’ll always be able to make note of events, classes, work shifts, and anything else you need to do. Having your schedule in a spot like this, where it’s easy for you to see, is also a good way to remind yourself of the responsibilities you have to avoid slacking off. 4. Give Yourself a Break If you throw yourself back into a busy school routine after spending your whole break being lazy and relaxed, you’re going to burn out fast. While you’re still adjusting to school life, make sure you give yourself enough breaks- whether they’re for snacks, meals, or simply just to go outside and get some fresh air. This way, you don’t overdo it and you’ll be able to gradually go back to your peak productivity levels. When your school life routine is starting to become overwhelming and you feel like you can’t handle everything, there are options. Homework Help Global can help you with your coursework writing to take some of the stress off your plate. We’ll help you with the hard stuff so you can focus on getting back on track. References: Watson, S. (2016, Oct. 6). How to reset your sleep cycle. Retrieved from adjust-sleep-cycle?page=1 How to Get Back Into a Routine After the Break How to Get Back on Track After a Break From School How to Get Back on Track After a Break From School So, you’ve had an amazing summer and you’re probably still reliving those memories you made. Getting back to your school life routine can be hard when all you can think about is the fun things you did over the break. It’s hard to get excited for school after having so much fun. However, your school routine is extremely important, because it has a direct effect on your productivity, energy, and ability to digest information in your classes. Getting Back Into the School Life Routine Doesn’t Have to be Hard Switching from holiday or summer mode into your school life routine takes a bit of getting used to, especially if this is your first year away at college or university. With so many exciting things going on, it’s easy to get distracted and become unmotivated as time goes on. These 4 important tips will help you make sure you make the most out of this year and get on track for success. 1. Unpack And Settle in as Soon as Possible The longer you wait to unpack your bags or settle in your new dorm room, the more those suitcases and boxes are just going to sit there, and the longer they sit there, the less productive you’re going to be. It might seem silly that a packed suitcase would affect this, but it does. Those packed bags are going to remind you about the amazing break you had, and they’re going to hold you back from focusing on the tasks at hand your schoolwork. You’ll also find it’s easier to find things when you actually unpack! 2. Get Your Sleep Schedule Back on Track For many of us, summer or holiday breaks mean sleeping in and turning off the alarm clock. While not having to wake up early is an amazing feeling, the closer you get to going back to school the more you should focus on getting your sleep schedule on track. According to WebMD, most people need about 7 to 9 hours of sleep to be fully rested. Get into your sleep routine early, before you get back. Your body needs time to develop a sleep schedule, and if you go into your school life already getting enough sleep, you’ll be able to stay on track because your body will start giving you those cues. 3. Organize Your Schedule and Put it on The Wall It’s one thing to have your schedule planned out and in your iCal, but it’s another thing to check it often. Have your schedule written on a whiteboard, or even just printed out and attached to your bulletin board. This way, you can look at it every day before you leave and you’ll always be able to make note of events, classes, work shifts, and anything else you need to do. Having your schedule in a spot like this, where it’s easy for you to see, is also a good way to remind yourself of the responsibilities you have to avoid slacking off. 4. Give Yourself a Break If you throw yourself back into a busy school routine after spending your whole break being lazy and relaxed, you’re going to burn out fast. While you’re still adjusting to school life, make sure you give yourself enough breaks- whether they’re for snacks, meals, or simply just to go outside and get some fresh air. This way, you don’t overdo it and you’ll be able to gradually go back to your peak productivity levels. When your school life routine is starting to become overwhelming and you feel like you can’t handle everything, there are options. Homework Help Global can help you with your coursework writing to take some of the stress off your plate. We’ll help you with the hard stuff so you can focus on getting back on track. References: Watson, S. (2016, Oct. 6). How to reset your sleep cycle. Retrieved from adjust-sleep-cycle?page=1

Anatomy of a Family Law Case - 1320 Words

Anatomy of a Family Law Case Introduction The legal aspect of the law is a creation of the society that is meant to regulate and control the activities and relations of people. Law creates a guideline of how to do every activity without causing infringements to the other persons. Therefore, just as all other societal institutions, the family setting are incorporated in the law. What is a family? The family setting is one of the oldest institutions in the world. From the time of creation, to date, it has existed firm within the society. It has hence come to be referred to as the cornerstone of society. In definition, there are several factors that are considered to constitute a family. It is defined as a social group within a society that consists of one or two parents with children (Stacey, 2011). These individuals share a common ancestry. Additionally, it can also be used to portray people who have common goals and values and have long term commitment to each other, and they reside in the same dwelling. What constitutes a marriage? Marriage is a social practice that existed long before legal creations and stipulations of what a marriage is was established. This is obvious as even before the religious books and the legal institutions were established, people used to live and have children. This process was not done without plans, but rather within a setting that created a sense of responsibility. However, a marriage today is defined as a consensual and contractualShow MoreRelatedMedia And Its Impact On Society Essay1625 Words   |  7 Pagestelevision is credited with creating the stereotype of the traditional American family. While the messages of popular culture and media have changed over the years, these messages continue to play a large role in socialization especially when it comes to family norms. In some ways, the media is positively leading the future of families by bringing attention to important issues, but in other ways, it perpetuates biases affecting families. In my opinion, education is the first step in social and legal reformRead MoreWhy Suicide Is An Epidemic Of The United States891 Words   |  4 Pagesthis, the question of whether or not transgender youth have a harder, more straining adolescence than their cisgender counterparts rises. Although adolescence can be hard on everyone, experiences such as a school environment, puberty, laws that guarantee protection, family and social acceptance of transgender youth are harder than those of their cisgender  counterparts (harder does not necessarily mean correlate with strenuous, the use of harder is aiming more towards different, costly, and possibly moreRead MoreThe Usa Patriot Act : What s So Patriotic About Trampling On The Bill Of Rights?1687 Words   |  7 Pagesthan it currently is. 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Also, religious leaders like monks, and Christian missionaries would be killed. These victims would be persecuted, because they went against the ideals of communism, like the professionals and intellectuals being educated, the monks and missionariesRead MoreHistory of Apartheid in South Africa1679 Words   |  7 Pagesnation the largest in the country. Over the years, the government introduced a series of repressive laws. The implementation of the apartheid policy, later referred to as separate development, was made possible by the Population Registration Act of 1950. It is widely considered the cornerstone of the entire system. It provided for the racial classification of every person. 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Dale Ross is a graduate of the William S. Richardson Law School at the University of Hawaii. Ross served as a law clerk to Third Circuit Court Judge Greg Nakamura from 1998 to 2000. Ross also served as a public policy associate of the Harvard Law School from 200 to 2002, and as an assistant director of the Harvard Medical School CenterRead MoreSexually Transmitted Disease ( Std )939 Words   |  4 Pagesof STD prevention is nearly half of the new cases of infected individuals are young adults between the ages of 15-24 (U. S. Department of Health Human Services [HHS], 2015). Adolescents between the age of 15-19 and young adults between the age of 20-24 are at a disproportionate rate in the number of new STD cases yearly, in comparison to adults and older adults (HHS, 2015). Furthermore, not all STD cases are reported or accounted for annually, and case numbers are possibly much higher than the reported

Essay on Emotional Intelligence 2.0 Summary and Assessment

The book, Emotional Intelligence 2.0, provides an alternative approach to how a person achieves success. This book does not focus on the conventional determinant of success, such as formal education and training, experience, and intelligence level (IQ). Although all these components contribute greatly to ones achievement of success, these factors are not the only factors to be considered in whether a person will be successful or not. This book focuses on the concept that it refers to as emotional intelligence (EQ), which is one’s ability to recognize and effectively understand his/her emotions in a productive and rational manner. The objective of Emotional Intelligence 2.0 is to educate people on suppressing their natural willingness†¦show more content†¦The author states, â€Å"Emotional intelligence is your ability to recognize and understand emotions in yourself and others, and your ability to use this awareness to manage your behavior and relationships† (p. 17). EQ lays the foundation for many skills, such as, time management, communication, assertiveness, customer service, anger management, stress tolerance, and many other aspects of our life each day. Although our emotions will play an eminent role in our daily life, improved EQ skills will teach us to better control our emotions and keep our emotions from controlling our actions or behaviors. Additionally, we will learn how to better interact with others and build better and stronger relationships. While emotional intelligence is vital to human behavior, it only accounts for a portion of a person as a whole. The author states, â€Å"IQ, personality, and EQ are distinct qualities we all possess. Together, they determine how we think and act. It is impossible to predict one based upon another. People may be intelligent but not emotionally intelligent, and people of all types of personalities can be high in EQ and/or IQ. Of the three, EQ is the only quality that is flexible and able to change† (p. 19). There is no knowShow MoreRelatedMy Strengths And Weaknesses Of A Public Health Profession Essay2090 Words   |  9 Pageshis or her strengths, weaknesses, and emotional intelligence. If they recognize these aspects, then people will be more likely to follow their leadership. This paper identifies my strengths and weaknesses I have as well as my emotional intelligence scores. In order to find out what strengths and weaknesses I have and how I can apply them as a lead er in a public health profession I have taken the StrengthsFinder 2.0 Assessment and the Emotional Intelligence 2.0 test. Section 2. 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SalaryRead MoreEntrepreneurial Project4740 Words   |  19 PagesCandidate ID: W13149301 Module Code: BMKT614.0 Credit Level: 6 Credit Value: 30 Credits Module Leader: Dr Jane Chang Assessment 3: Reflective Assignment Deadline: 25th April 2013 (12 noon) Contents Page Executive Summary 3 1.0 Introduction 4 1.1 Entrepreneurial Project 4 1.2 Experimental Learning 5 1.3 Reflective Learning 5 1.4 Reflexive Learning 6 2.0 Key Events Table: 7 3.0 Satisfactory Graph 8 4.0 Critical Incidents amp; the 9 steps 9 5.0 Define The Project 10 Read MoreHuman Resource Management Case Study3952 Words   |  16 PagesTable of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION 3 2.0 TYPES OF INTERVIEW 3 2.1 PURPOSE OF INTERVIEW 3 2.2 TYPES OF EMPLOYMENT INTERVIEW 5 2.3 EMPLOYMENT INTERVIEW QUESTION TYPES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 3.0 CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH TYPE OF INTERVIEW†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 4.0 PROBLEMS WITH INTERVIEWS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..16 4.1 COMMON PROBLEMS WITH INTERVIEWS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦16 4.2 HOW TO OVERCOME THE COMMON PROBLEMS WITH INTERVIEWS.16 5.0 CONCLUSION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...18 6.0 REFERENCES 19 Read More2.0 Learning And Assessment ( Final )8082 Words   |  33 Pages 2.0 LEARNING AND ASSESSMENT (final) 2.1 Introduction Because there is a learning, there is an assessment. Learning is important and assessment is a integral part of it. In other words, if learning does not take place there is nothing to assess. Therefore, we need to know how students learn in order to ensure that assessment used to assess them is appropriately matched for the underpinning of how learning takes place (Black and Wiliam, 1998; Broadfoot, et al., 1991; Brown, S., 2004-05; Pryor and

Historical Development of Continental Philosophy’s Existentialism Free Essays

Historical development of Continental philosophy’s existentialism and phenomenology as a response to Hegelian idealism Absolute Idealism left distinct marks on many facets of Western culture. True, science was indifferent to it, and common sense was perhaps stupefied by it, but the greatest political movement of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries— Marxism—was to a significant degree an outgrowth of Absolute Idealism. (Bertrand Russell remarked someplace that Marx was nothing more than Hegel mixed with British economic theory. We will write a custom essay sample on Historical Development of Continental Philosophy’s Existentialism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nineteenth- and twentieth-century literature, theology, and even art felt an influence. The Romantic composers of the nineteenth century, for example, with their fondness for expanded form, vast orchestras, complex scores and soaring melodies, searched for the all-encompassing musical statement. In doing so, they mirrored the efforts of the metaphysicians; whose vast and imposing systems were sources of inspiration to many artists and composers. As we have said, much of what happened in philosophy after Hegel was in response to Hegel. This response took different forms in English-speaking countries and on the European continent—so different that philosophy in the twentieth century was split into two traditions or, as we might say nowadays, two â€Å"conversations. † So-called analytic philosophy and its offshoots became the predominant tradition of philosophy in England and eventually in the United States. The response to Hegelian idealism on the European continent was quite different however; and is known (at least in English-speaking countries) as Continental philosophy. Mean while, the United States developed its own brand of philosophy—called pragmatism—but ultimately analytic philosophy became firmly entrenched in the United States as well. Within Continental philosophy may be found various identifiable schools of philosophical thought: existentialism, phenomenology, hermeneutics, deconstruction, and critical theory. Two influential schools were existentialism and phenomenology, and we will begin this chapter with them. Both existentialism and phenomenology have their roots in the nineteenth century, and many of their themes can be traced back to Socrates and even to the pre- Socratics. Each school of thought has influenced the other to such an extent that two of the most famous and influential Continental philosophers of this century, Martin Heidegger (1889–1976) and Jean-Paul Sartre (1905 –1980), are important figures in both movements, although Heidegger is primarily a phenomenologist and Sartre primarily an existentialist. Some of the main themes of existentialism are traditional and academic philosophy is sterile and remote from the concerns of real life. Philosophy must focus on the individual in her or his confrontation with the world. The world is irrational (or, in any event, beyond total comprehending or accurate conceptualizing through philosophy). The world is absurd, in the sense that no ultimate explanation can be given for why it is the way it is. Senselessness, emptiness, triviality, separation, and inability to communicate pervade human existence. Giving birth to anxiety, dread, self-doubt, and despair as well as the individual confronts as the most important fact of human existence, the necessity to choose how he or she is to live within this absurd and irrational world. Now, many of these themes had already been introduced by those brooding thinkers of the nineteenth century, Arthur Schopenhauer (see previous chapter), Soren Kierkegaard, and Friedrich Nietzsche. All three had a strong distaste for the optimistic idealism of Hegel—and for metaphysical systems in general. Such philosophy, they thought, ignored the human predicament. For all three the universe, including its human inhabitants, is seldom rational, and philosophical systems that seek to make everything seem rational are just futile attempts to overcome pessimism and despair. This impressive-sounding word denotes the philosophy that grew out of the work of Edmund Husserl (1859–1938). In brief, phenomenology interests itself in the essential structures found within the stream of conscious experience—the stream of phenomena—as these structures manifest themselves independently of the assumptions and presuppositions of science. Phenomenology, much more than existentialism, has been a product of philosophers rather than of artists and writers. But like existentialism, phenomenology has had enormous impact outside philosophical circles. It has been especially influential in theology, the social and political sciences, and psychology and psychoanalysis. Phenomenology is a movement of thinkers who have a variety of interests and points of view; phenomenology itself finds its antecedents in Kant and Hegel (though the movement regarded itself as anything but Hegelian). Kant, in the Critique of Pure Reason, argued that all objective knowledge is based on phenomena, the data received in sensory experience. In Hegel’s Phenomenology of Mind, beings are treated as phenomena or objects for a consciousness. The world beyond experience, the â€Å"real† world assumed by natural science, is a world concerning which much is unknown and doubtful. But the world-in-experience, the world of pure phenomena, can be explored without the same limitations or uncertainties. How to cite Historical Development of Continental Philosophy’s Existentialism, Essay examples

Improvement of Human Resource Management †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: How to the Improvement of Human Resource Management? Answer: Introduction This theme investigates the improvement of Human Resource Management (HRM) in the Australian bank. It quickly talks about the writing on administration technique and representative relations and the ascent of Human Resource Management. A diagram of worker relations in saving money is given to set the scene for the advancements in the Australian Bank. The instance of the Australian Bank demonstrates how the mix of item market change and expanding acknowledgement of the deficiency of the old style way to deal with the administration of work prompted the grasping of an all the more master active part in overseeing HR. Be that as it may, HRM is not a for the last time matter of choosing a fitting fit from a menu of HR methodologies. Background and definition Change is unavoidable and omnipresent in a quickly growing world. These scenes of various outer strengths make it most troublesome for authoritative survival and flourishing. In reality, the real problem confronted by organizations today is overseeing vital change activities productively and adequately. Furthermore, as indicated by Ulrich, an essential distinction between associations that succeed and those that come up short is the capacity to react to the pace of progress. At the end of the day, associations need to screen and output their outer surroundings, envision and adjust conveniently to constant change ("Human Resources Report", 2015). A striking conflict by Pettigrew, Cameron and Woodman, is the comparative delay of suspicion and adjustment capacity of organizations, and their failure to perceive the adjustment in the premise of rivalry that may have changed in their corporate condition can be an important property clarifying lost aggressive execution. In accumulation to t he powerlessness to perceive transform, it is no extended adequate to modify one change to repay another. Apparently, associations should deal with every one of the difficulties of progress at the same time. These problems of alterations, at the firm level, have lifted the significance of overseeing alteration and specifically, the overseeing of workers' change capabilities. This is a cause of huge change affects all aspects of hierarchical individuals as it can make new measurements of more prominent vulnerability. Henceforth, it is critical to guarantee excellent coordination, stable administration, and clear correspondence while overseeing different changes at the same time. Three important forms shape change. In particular, the three forms are the increased rivalry realized by globalization, data innovation, and administrative advancement. The market and economy were changing due to globalization in which associations work (OJO, 2011). What's additional, there has been a develop ment in the e-organization part that is altering how the function is dispersed and achieved with the utilization of documents and correspondence innovation (ICT). Also, administrative development turns out to be more imperative as a type of reaction to both rivalry and data innovation format. A critical case of how the reshaping of administrative qualities, work business and practices thoughts onset with fewer household confinements and exchange boundaries to grasp worldwide rivalry is managed by the increase of Australia as an individual from the World Trade Organization. The performance to the competitive edge of remote associations constrained Australia private associations to advance another corporate technique in light of changes in the cross national administrative business related qualities. Several books and articles have been composed almost how change management can be drawn nearer. However, the arena of authoritative alteration is a long way from developing in considerate the progression and impacts of time, the process, intermittence, and setting. Additionally, little is composed of execution process and issues in exceedingly controlled settings, for example, the managing an account setting. Specialized change in administration enterprises is an underrepresented territory, regardless of its significance in business and development. Further, exact reviews trying to connection change to hierarchical execution are uncommon. Halfway, the irregularity is because of the trouble in delivering persuading proof (Nankervis, Rowley, Salleh, 2017). This review adds to change administration by fortifying existing writing that burdens the huge human consider change management. This review board to study and investigations the change administration and execution procedure of a bank in Australia utilizing the subjective technique. The paper concentrates on main impetuses that provoked Bank to change its corporate system, which is experiencing real changes in its business approach. The Bank corporate procedure moved to a client-centered methodology with the move to a more effective mechanical framework and business courses of action that supported an administration of aggressive items and administrations. An essential point of this review was to add to a comprehension of authoritative change and the impact of human components on a change administration program with regards to the keeping money industry. Primarily, the current writing on hierarchical change is explored. Next, utilizing a blend of systems for dissecting change forms, this paper is talks about the main thrusts that made the weights on the Bank to hold a program of progress (Swatman, Blount, Castleman, 2005). The execution and change endeavors will be painted, and this is trailed by an examination concerning the opposing powers and difficulties to change that were confronted by the Bank and the usage procedure. The discoveries are examined with suggestions for Human Resource (H R) practices strategic in commercial organizations. Aims of the project The strength of comprehending the procedure of progress. In this process has two observations. To start with, change activities experienced solid resistance, although when there was the common concession to the objects of the activities. Next, even activities that seemed to beat confrontation and were effectively actualized were often fleeting, with framework coming back to its prior state in a substance of months ("Review of periodical literature published in 2015", 2016). These perceptions drove to consider associations to be exceptionally impervious to change because of the human instinct of associations, and in view of authoritative idleness. Utilizing the thermodynamic representation of refreezing change unfreezing matter, the change procedure as a progression of discrete scenes. The idleness for the move to an alternate state is made by strength in the field, which expects the association is dependably in the condition of semi balance. The strength field comprises of powers tha t apply weights for change, and different capabilities that make balancing strengths for soundness. Effective hierarchical change should first disturb the balance procedure. In this research unfreezing is more effective on the off chance that it is coordinated to decreasing the strengths that piece change, instead of expanding the elements for change. Another word, expanding weights for change regularly create countervailing confrontation, at both the separate and hierarchical levels, and builds the level of nervousness and pressure in the association (Tangthong, Trimetsoontorn, Rojniruntikul, 2014). Evacuating or moderating opposing controls can frequently be more successful in relaxing an association and opening the path for change activities. Justifiably, inquire about into change usage prepare essentially draws from early work of change display. As researchers contrast in their convictions about the idea of progress various distinctive streams have emerged. For instance, distin guished the three unmistakable phases in the sequencing of authoritative change by utilizing the illustration of the theatre to concentrate consideration on the part of the alteration pioneer. The transformational pioneer developing part is clarified in three points of view (Garcia-Carbonell, Martin-Alcazar, Sanchez-Gardey, 2014). First view of the question: Recognising the essential for revitalization. Creating a felt essential for change, cultural confrontation to change and overcoming political. Second view of the question: Making another issue like making a spurring vision, activating duty, diagnosing the issue. A third view of the question: Organising change. Literature review Another change model is the developmental model of variety choice maintenance (Freeman and Hannan 1989, Aldrich 1999). Change is moved toward utilising a transformative science demonstrate. Associations are seen to have visit varieties that are nearby and brief unless chosen for examination. Subsequently, endeavours to tackle issues create developments with specific or constrained spread because of the determination administration motions out the different varieties as formed by systemic powers, for example, the general segment of the outer condition. Sometimes, a nearby advancement is held after the fruitful determination and testing somewhere else in the association ("LITERATURE REVIEW", 2017). The developmental approach highlights the requirement for associations to build up an ability for expanding the level of neighbourhood activity in critical thinking and experimentation. It is likewise to create frameworks for recognising and spreading the best activities (altering the choice administration far from choosing) for solidness toward choosing for advancement (Ancona, et al. 2005).Expanding levels of worldwide rivalry, and also intense changes in business conditions, have increased hierarchical rejuvenation. One organized repetition that has been embraced to enhance upper hand is hierarchical knowledge. Dwindle Senge (1992) presents the idea of the learning association that deciphers the unique items of developmental viewpoint into additional particular hierarchical terms. As opposed to Lewin's (1947) arranged to change demonstrate, the knowledge association method is a change procedure gone for helping the improvement and utilisation of information to assemble limit with regards to constant change and knowledge. This procedure is an aggregate learning that is energetic for reasonable alteration. The knowledge association method advocates beginning little' with a little experimental group whose individuals share an acknowledgement that a specific issue can't be settled effectively on the grounds that it is indicative of more profound subjects. Senge and his partners (1999) compose official change in three phases starting the alteration exertion, supporting it and overhauling, and reexamining the bigger background so that the gaining from the experimental venture is diffused to whatever is left to the association. These public researchers confirm that there ought to be consistent reestablishment endeavours in an alteration procedure (Alam, Mukherjee, 2004). Change procedures have constantly ended up being a test for administration. To discover the accomplishment of any change procedures, the administration group must be exposed and attention to all types of confrontation and also advancement, upheld by a top to a bottom comprehension of the way of life and operational procedures of an association. Given that vital change does not move in a coherent succession of the occasion (Whipp and Pettigrew 1991), an administration will every now and again confront uncertainty, as they investigate the amalgam of financial, individual and political goals. The real likenesses crosswise over various analysts in the phases of authoritative change endeavours. A large portion of the scientists advocates that there are for the most part three recognizable stages on alteration models. Lewin's (1947) demonstrate stocks close similitudes with that of Devanna and Tichy (1986) in which the main stage speaks to a step in which individual person or the association experience initiatives that illuminate the requirement for the change. The second phase is a move period, while the last and third phase is the refreezing phase. Be that as it may, the Tichy and Devanna (1986) change demonstrate essentially concentrates on the part of individual pioneer and transformational authority. Aldrich's (1999) model is reliable with Lewin's (1947) in the second and third phase of progress model. Not at all like Lewin's (1947) model of progress, the Senge and associates (1999) three phase display begins with the second phase of Lewin's (1947) show and concentrates fundamentally on the improvement and utilisation of information for consistent change and learning.As per Wiebe and Gordon-Biddle (2002), the majority of the fluctuating ways to deal with hierarchical change have been produced along Lewin's fundamental, fleeting rationale of progress process. The model of progress by Lewin (1947) has been utilised by an extensive number of scientists to fabricate and portray new phase of development. Given the attentiveness of the present review is an alteration administration prepare that endeavours to explore the main thrusts, execution procedure and imperviousness to change, Lewin's (1947) perfect of progress is regarded generally fitting (Greenhalgh, Tipples, 2013). This model of progress concentrates on executing alteration as a process, and it talks about a comparative more total procedure of progress when contrasted with alternate models audited in this review. Besides, Lewin (1947) has created effort field study to supplement three stage phase of development, which has likewise been broadly established by predictors. Given the similitudes, diverse attentiveness and inadequacies of different representations of development, it was concluded that Lewin's three-phase model is an exceptionally suitable theoretical structure for research investigation in subjective reviews on change administration. Methodology The bank is the place of the present review below a three-year change practice absorbed by an outside counselling firm. The Bank, a privately demanded bank in Australia has a broad marketplace scope and a solid locality nearness. The bank was ambitious by increased rivalry as an outcome of globalization, data invention and administrative development patterns to seek after a change ("Research Methodology", 2009). It has been working in the Australia budgetary part subsequently the 1970 and has a scheme of roughly 82 branches across the country, with aggregate resources of around RM26.23 million in 2007. The bank serves both corporate and retail customers and gives Visas, individual advances, home loans and store administrations (current, reserve funds and settled stores) in retail managing an account while offering organizations, institutional customers and little, medium-sized endeavours benefits in corporate keeping the money. The investigation of Bank depended on the change adminis tration program that was attempted at headquarter and nearby managing an account outlets. Around 20% of workers that were included and influenced by the change administration were haphazardly chosen as defendants in the three-year time frame ("Human Resources Management Policies and Practices Scale", 2012). These 200 defendants spoke to representatives at the division level, instructional courses and the recently made unified unit. Most of the pool of respondents spoke to center administration representatives (80%). In particular, they were from the client acknowledgement test group, item clients, extend pioneers, and also mentors from branches and brought together unit. Some of them effectively taken an interest in specialised and week by week audit gatherings. An aggregate of 60% of the respondents has worked in the bank in the vicinity of 15 years and 5 at the purpose of the review. A sum of 30% of the defendants has above 15 years of placement while the staying 15% of the defend ants have under five years of residency. Findings The information gathered by meetings is rich and adequate for compelling field investigation of the present review, especially in talking about outer and interior main thrusts of the change program. Constraint field investigation is a technique for examining subjective information in the investigation of hierarchical alteration. This technique sorts out data relating to change administration into controls for change and strengths for opposing alteration. The outcomes from the meetings were physically recorded. The exact articulations of the talked with members were broke down utilizing content scientific techniques. This technique endeavors to compress remarks, issues or states of mind of respondents into significant classifications or developing subjects. Data from the meetings was consolidated and explained with pertinent engaging information of the creators. As a rule, the meetings lit up, and pass away a portion of the recorded information and perceptions. Comprehensive in the outcomes area to demonstrate the normal and genuine results. The setting of the Tables is organized by interrelated and parrticuler subjects highlighted by the defendants in connection with the alteration execution database. For classification details, it is impractical to offer direct citations from respondents in this paper. The essential information was additionally supplemented by a scope of documentation including budgetary reports, updates, and minute s of gatherings, inward reports, pamphlets, and data dissemination to workers required in the change administration program. Because of the social change and monetary and exchange improvement, Bank started to embrace proactive measures to fortify its corporate validity. One of the first reform endeavors was process redesign of its inside operations through ICT inside one year. Banks buyer managing an account exercises advanced from a much decentralised arrangement of transactions inside individual branches to an all the more firmly engaged operation upheld by process revamping that included centralization of basic preparing exercises. Bank recognized center and non-center business forms for streamlining. Bank piece of the change activities was the disposal of non-center procedures or outsourcing of back office exercises to make a less fatty operation at the branch level. Bank coordinated keeping money arrangement was sent to supplant the old framework, which was a detailed programmi ng framework that offered upgraded elements and usefulness that empowered clients to react all the more viable to market requests. The structure empowered clients to plan more adaptable client situated items and administrations. Australian Bank rebuilt its by the HR presenting preparing and work migration or exchange for influenced legislatures to attempt new duties in the unified element. Other than encouraging the move to new work, these change activities were likewise proposed to decrease representatives' apparent frailty of their business. Workers in the brought together unit were relied upon to gain information section abilities to encourage FIS with client profiles in the framework change work out. Bank gave preparing to the transformation of physical databases of savers and borrowers into an electronic database. Other instructional courses were to prepare front-liners and specialised bolster representatives with the capacity to investigate minor looming subjects that may emer ge. Likewise, bank wide actions were began where all branches and divisions took part in consecutively reproduction examinations to recognise any particular issue of new approaches and structures under the FIS working condition. Representative cooperation additionally created nature with frameworks before FIS was completely actualized over all branch operations. The different instructional meetings were a piece of Bank's arrangement to evacuate opposing strengths. Conclusion Associations today confront the quandary of overseeing key change activities productively and viable. Change is inevitable in a quickly spreading world that brands it trying for any associations not to react for their existence and thriving. This review broke down the alteration management and usage procedure of a bank in Australia. In specific, the review investigated the main thrusts challenged by the bank and moreover its change organization and difficulties experienced in the change administration handle. Driven by rivalry achieved by globalisation, data invention and administrative advancement, Bank endeavoured to fit its operations and frameworks to a client-centered system. The review comes about uncovered that the change administration endeavours were related to different specialized and HR issues. The discoveries likewise uncovered that change endeavours needed joining and for the most important part around business and cost driven activities. At the opinion when the progres sions are on a better scale and include numerous persons and subunits, for instance, the ones knowledgeable by Bank, it is a examination to oversee change at the same time crosswise over useful and administrative levels. One essential ramification is to comprehend and guarantee that different alteration projects and endeavours exist at various parts of an association. Different hierarchical levels and useful divisions are urged to coordinate and painstakingly examine the change program goal to make and goal to make both vertical and flat joining of progress endeavours. In this manner, authoritative pioneers must give cautious thoughtfulness regarding every movement and the essential combination when arranging and execute hierarchical change. References Alam, A., Mukherjee, U. (2004). HRM- A Literature Survey.Journal Of Business And Management,16(3). Retrieved from https://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jbm/papers/Vol16-issue3/Version-1/E016313138.pdf Garcia-Carbonell, N., Martin-Alcazar, F., Sanchez-Gardey, G. (2014). Understanding the HRM-Performance Link: A Literature Review on the HRM Strategy Formulation Process.International Journal Of Business Administration,5(2). https://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v5n2p71 Greenhalgh, J., Tipples, R. (2013). Literature Review: From human resource management to employment relations people focussed employers in dairy farming.One Farm. Retrieved from https://www.onefarm.ac.nz/system/files/resource_downloads/Lit-Review_From%20human%20resource%20management%20to%20employment%20relations.pdf Human Resources Management Policies and Practices Scale. (2012).BAR. Retrieved from https://www.scielo.br/pdf/bar/v9n4/aop0512 Human Resources Report. (2015).Deutsche Bank. Retrieved from https://www.db.com/ir/en/download/Deutsche_Bank_Human_Resources_Report_2015.pdf LITERATURE REVIEW. (2017). Retrieved from https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/3372/7/07_chapter%202.pdf Nankervis, A., Rowley, C., Salleh, N. (2017). Asia Pacific Human Resource Management and Organisational Effectiveness. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?id=DMTlBwAAQBAJpg=PA84lpg=PA84dq=human+resource+management+in+Australian+banking+pdfsource=blots=8EAo1qUYEKsig=370VmSp9upFRVBHGmSHwxHxb6a0hl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwjI-vCEkvzTAhVJM48KHeDwAnYQ6AEIXjAJ#v=onepageq=human%20resource%20management%20in%20Australian%20banking%20pdff=false OJO, O. (2011). Impact of Strategic Human Resource Practice on Corporate Performance in Selected Nigerian Banks.EGE AKADEM?K BAKI?. Retrieved from https://asosindex.com/cache/articles/14448-1.pdf Research Methodology. (2009). Retrieved from https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/3372/9/09_chapter%204.pdf Review of periodical literature published in 2015. (2016).The Economic History Review,70(1), 275-322. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ehr.12527 SUN, J. (2017). A STUDY OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN A JOINT VENTURE ORGANISATION COMPARED TO A LOCALLY OWNED ORGANISATION IN CHINA.Unitec. Retrieved from https://unitec.researchbank.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10652/1248/fulltext.pdf?sequence=1 Swatman, P., Blount, Y., Castleman, T. (2005). E-Commerce, Human Resource Strategies, and Competitive Advantage.Two Australian Banking Case Studies,9(3). Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10864415.2005.11044335 Tangthong, S., Trimetsoontorn, J., Rojniruntikul, N. (2014). HRM Practices and Employee Retention in ThailandA Literature Review.International Journal Of Trade, Economics And Finance,5(2), 162-166. https://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijtef.2014.v5.362

Hoffstetter 1 Essays - Dance, Culture, American Literature

Hoffstetter 1 Keilana Hoffstetter Professor Terry ENG 1102 04 October 2017 Throughout life, people are faced with unexpected situations that result in turmoil or distress send an order to cope an attempt to comprehend their new reality. In "Hills Like White Elephants" by Ernest Hemingway, Jig and the American are talking about a surgery the American wishes she would undergo. However, Jig is avoiding the topic and lost in her own imagination, while the young lovers should be discussing the abortion. Throughout all the bickering and drinking, the sensitive yet imperative topic is avoided yet again. In "Hills Like White Elephants", Hemingway depicts Jig as a naive, young woman, who never seems to fully comprehend the issue at hand. When she states, "They look like white elephants," she said.", she is talking about the issue at hand, the abortion. Both never directly state what the issue at hand is, but give a plethora of hints throughout the story that imply an abortion. Hills are steep, natural obstacles that one must exert energy to climb over, much like the couple's problem; it will never go away and you can't go around it, you can only put in the effort to climb over it, despite her trying to change the topic in quote, "They don't really look like white elephants. I just meant the coloring of their skin through the trees.". The hills are white because it is winter, symbolism for her death and decay, as well as the end of a cycle. This correlates with their relationship, in regard to if she keeps a baby or not, and the end of the fetus's life. The white elephant symbolizes the issue that they are waiting to address: the abortion. They know what the issue it is, Jig's pregnancy, but they refused to address it due to the pathetic idea Hoffstetter 2 that if the topic is not directly mentioned, no turmoil or argument will occur, thus no change in their lives will occur. Likewise, alcohol is repeatedly mentioned throughout the text. The alcohol is a major part of the couple's relationship; they appear to have an insatiable alcohol thirst, as seen in the quote, "Should we have another drink?". The alcohol is symbolism for the temporary relief, a brief escape from their reality of getting an abortion, or having the child as unprepared parents. The bickering only pauses when they are drinking, drinking to avoid the issue at hand, seeking a relief from the problem that inevitably will kill them buy liver failure. Alcohol symbolizes a crutch for the couple, allowing them to speak to one another about the controversial decision at hand. Subsequently, after Jig and the American finish the plethora of drinks, they walked to the train station to wait for the train. The train station depicted as cold as a lonely, much like Jigs emotions at that moment. This lonely train station is symbolism for the crossroad the two young lovers have reached in their lives, the decision to accept the consequence of their actions and have the baby, or to abort it and avoid the situation as a whole as an attempt to continue on with their everyday lives. This station symbolizes the imperative decision at hand, as well as serving as a symbol for Jigs loneliness despite having the American by her side. The station is described as lonely, common ground where people are making decisions yet avoiding the full impact of drinking are waiting, as seen in quote "where people waiting for the train were drinking.", much like Jig during this stressful but important situation. Even though the American continues to talk and be by her side, she tells them to stop talking, as seen in the quote, "Would you please please Hoffstetter 3 please please please please please stop talking?". Thus, the station is a symbol of isolation during this crossroad in her life, waiting for the right answer, the train, to take her to her final and correct destination, which symbolizes her final decision in regard to the surgery. Throughout Hemingway's "Hills Like White Elephants", he uses the plethora some most to express the convoluted encounter in situation plaguing the two young lovers in the distress, avoidance, and isolation that inevitably

Generalization Definition

Generalization Definition Generalization is the ability to use skills that a student has learned in new and different environments. Whether those skills are  functional  or academic, once a skill is learned, it needs to be used in multiple settings. For typical children in a general education program, skills that they have learned in school are usually quickly used in new settings. Children with disabilities, however, often have difficulty transferring their skills to a different setting from the one in which it was learned. If they are taught how to count money using pictures, they may be unable to generalize the skill to real money. Even though a child may learn to decode letter sounds, if they are not expected to blend them into words, they may have difficulty transferring that skill to actual reading. Also Known  As:  Community-based  instruction, learning transfer. Examples:  Julianne knew how to add and subtract, but she had difficulty  generalizing  those skills to shopping for treats at the corner store. Applications and Learning Exercises Clearly, special educators need to be sure that they design instruction in ways that facilitate generalization. They may choose to: Teach in different settings in the school.Use real coins to teach money.Take students into the community and give them tasks that require that they use their skills. How about a scavenger hunt at a grocery store? There, you can have students find prices for products on the hunt list.Play store. It gives your students opportunities to read, to add and subtract with a calculator, and to make change and count mixed coins.

American Government Branches Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American Government Branches - Essay Example The legislature, also directly elected by people from all parts of the nation, is representative of the American people and their diversity and represents electorate’s interest in ‘policymaking’. The judiciary is however composed of a team of legal experts with the mandate of interpreting the constitution to ensure justice, protection of fundamental rights, and to offer checks on the executive and the legislature (Schmidt, Shelley and Bardes, 2012). The three arms of government are therefore representative of citizens through offering checks and balances to safeguard people’s interest. Their roles in representing the people are however different. While the legislature makes and amends laws, the judiciary interprets and the executive implements the laws. The branches also differ in their formation and composition with respect to people’s authority and representation (Schmidt, Shelley and Bardes, 2012). The legislature is therefore the most representative branch of government. This is because its composition is geographically representative of the nation, and it purely derives its authority from the people, unlike the executive and the

Qualitiative Analysis on Diabetes Research Paper

Qualitiative Analysis on Diabetes - Research Paper Example The findings of the study show that communication and education combined with cultural differences create a difficult environment in which to treat diabetes in regards to this ethnic minority group. The results suggest that more time needs to be taken by doctors and dieticians to explain the causes and effects of the disease and how best to treat it with an understanding of the social and dietary differences of the community. Information needs to be available to patients and family members in a language they understand and in relation to the activities of their daily lives. There are many different ethnic minority groups in large communities that frequently accept immigrants and this is just a sample of how one such group can suffer emotionally and physically because treatment options are catered to a majority lifestyle. Only when doctors, educators, and the public make a point to diagnose, treat, and teach about diseases in a context familiar to the daily lives of those suffering fr om them will, no matter how small the group, they be able to work in conjunction with their patients. Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe the role of diabetes mellitus in the Lebanese community of Sydney, Australia. Methods This is a primary data analysis of a survey of twenty-five Lebanese individuals living in Sydney, Australia. ... agnoses, how the diagnosis was made, major physical and emotional effects on health, communication between health care provider and patient, major difficulties regarding the disease, and quality of life. Conclusions The results of this study provide a unique perspective into the Lebanese community and the affect of social and cultural differences of immigrants and their experiences with diabetes. Lebanese immigrants in Australia often are not diagnosed with diabetes until middle age. They find it difficult to adjust their previous living habits to what they see as Western ideas. Communication about the disease is difficult because many immigrants do not speak the native English language. Diabetes mellitus is a disease that affects people of all ages, races, and backgrounds. There are multiple types of diabetes, the most common being Type 2. Type 2 diabetes most often develops in adults but can occur in younger people as well. The person’s pancreas does not secrete enough insul in to maintain normal levels of glucose and his or her body can begin to respond poorly to insulin. With obesity numbers rising and people exercising less and less, Type 2 diabetes is seen at a growing rate and many of the people diagnosed are completely unaware that they were affected. The increasing cases of diabetes amongst Lebanese people are also a cause of worry. Sydney is host to a large number of Lebanese people, migrated to the country, hence the city, in search of better job opportunities living standards. There are many studies indicating increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus in these families. These have been ascribed to hereditary factors, food habits, prevalence of metabolic syndrome, and increased consanguinity over many generations (Abou-Daoud, 1969). Acculturation is a

Why is Thermoregulation Important?

Why is Thermoregulation Important? In all living organisms there is a complex series of chemical reactions occurring, the rate of which is dependent of temperature. In order for these chemical reactions to occur and thus sustain life all animals exhibit some way of regulating their body temperature. This process is known as thermoregulation. This regulation is achieved in various ways, either by behavioural or autonomic means. Homeothermic animals take advantage of both behavioural and autonomic means of regulating their body temperature in response to temperature fluctuations. Homeotherms have complex means of maintaining core body temperature within very narrow limits. For example, humans are able to regulate skin blood flow through the vasodilation and vasoconstriction of blood vessels redirecting blood so as to conserve heat in cold conditions or to increase heat loss in the cold. This process is further reviewed later on. Other autonomic processes utilized by homeotherms are shivering and non-shivering thermogene sis. Poikiotherms do not have the means to regulate their body temperature in such a precise way. Their body temperature is more dependent on the environmental temperature and they regulate this primarily by behavioural means. Such animals include bees, fish, amphibians and reptiles. However current knowledge on how this behavioural thermoregulation operates is not very high. Heterotherms exhibit the characteristics of both homeotherms and poikilotherms. One such example are bats which when active utilize autonomic means to maintain their relatively high body temperature. At rest however the metabolic cost of maintaining this body temperature is too high thus they substantially reduce their metabolic rate, at such time they can be described as being poikiothermic. This review will focus in some detail on the various mechanisms by which different animals thermoregulate, some of the benefits and drawbacks associated with thermoregulation and how this complex system has evolved across different groups of animals. I will draw on knowledge from various pieces of literature to give a comprehensive overview of this important life process. Behavioural and autonomic means of thermoregulation As discussed earlier homeotherms are utilise autonomic means to regulate their internal body temperature. It has been postulated that there is a hierarchy of structures responsible for maintaining the internal body temperature of these animals. The preoptic area of the hypothalamus plays a key role in autonomic thermoregulatory process. Early thermal studies identified the preoptic area as the centre of the thermoregulatory response. This area is synaptically connected to the lower brain stem and thus enables precise regulation of body temperature. Early research suggested that an increase in temperature in this preoptic region would lead to the excitation of neurons, resulting in the heat loss organs bringing about a reduction in preoptic temperature. In the same way, a reduction in preoptic temperature would excite neurons and lead to the heat production organs bringing about an increase in preoptic temperature. More recent research however has demonstrated that there is a far grea ter number of warm-sensitive neuron than cold-sensitive. These warm-sensitive neurons, play a much bigger role in the thermoregulatory process. During pre-optic warming these warm sensitive neurons significantly increase their firing rates and because of the synaptic connection with the lower brain stem, effector neurons are able to bring about heat loss responses. The median forebrain bundle is an important pathway that may be utilized here carrying signals to effector areas. In this way autonomic responses such as skin blood flow and shivering are controlled. Figure 1 demonstrates that in addition to bringing about heat loss responses, the increased firing rate of warm sensitive neurons inhibits nearby cold sensitive receptors preventing heat production. During pre-optic cooling the firing rate of warm sensitive neurons decreases thus reducing synaptic inhibition of the cold sensitive neurons. In turn the cold sensitive neurons increase their firing rate and induce heat production responses and heat retention. The preoptic region is also involved in afferent signals, detecting peripheral temperature changes through receptors in the skin. This information is integrated with central temperature information and the appropriate thermal response is activated. Most preoptic neurons are actually temperature insensitive, but do serve a purpose in thermoregulation. It has been postulated that they are involved in the comparison of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs from both warm sensitive and temperature insensitive neurons. It is this that forms the basis for set point temperatures, therefore playing a vital role in heat loss, heat retention and heat production responses. Figure 1 demonstrates the activity of a temperature insensitive neuron. If a neuron is inhibited by a warm sensitive neuron and excited by a temperature insensitive neuron it will act as a cold sensitive neuron. Once the preoptic temperature drops below a certain point i.e. the set point, it will increases it firing rate and bring about heat production and heat retention responses. If thermoregulation does not operate properly it may result in fever. This can be caused by the presence of endogenous substances like pyrogen. Pyrogen affects the activity of the pre-optic thermosensitive neurons. It can inhibit the firing rate of the warm sensitive neurons resulting in heat loss responses not occurring and elevated set point temperature. Also because of the synaptic inhibition between the warm-sensitive and cold-sensitive neurons, this decreased firing rate will result in an increased firing rate in the cold-sensitive neurons and bring about heat production responses further elevating the set point temperature. As a result fever occurs. Skin blood flow The preoptic area is able to coordinate correct efferent response in response to various internal and external thermal stimuli. One of these responses is the control of skin blood flow in humans. The vasodilation of blood vessels and the resultant increased blood flow to the skin is vital to heat dissipation during heat exposure. The increased skin blood flow significantly increases convective heat transfer from the body to the periphery. In conjunction with this increased skin blood flow, the evaporation of sweat from the skin results in cooling of blood in the dilated vessels. This process continues until the internal temperature returns to normal, at which point sweating stops and skin blood flow returns to normal. Skin blood flow in humans is controlled by vasoconstrictor and vasodilator nerves. The vasoconstrictor system is continually active, detecting even detecting subtle changes in ambient temperature. Through this activity maintenance of normal body temperature is achieved. Even small changes in skin blood flow can cause relatively large changes in heat dissipation. The vasodilator system on the other hand is only activated when an increase in internal temperature is detected. This may be during exercise or as a result of environmental heat exposure. Humans have many eccrine sweat glands distributed around the body which are responsible for thermal sweating. These sweat glands are innervated by sympathetic nerves which when stimulated results in secretion. The sweating response is only of benefit when it is coupled with evaporative heat loss. It is for this reason that environmental conditions like humidity and wind speed play an important role in this thermoregulatory process. Sweating and vasodilation are functionally linked however changes in one does not necessarily reflect changes in the other. An example of this is during exercise, as the threshold for cutaneous vasodilation is increased bit the threshold for the sweating response is not. During exercise blood cannot be redirected to the skin at the same level as blood flow to the muscle must be maintained. During cold exposure vasoconstriction of blood vessels and the redirection of blood flow to the core is essential for heat retention. When vasoconstriction occurs its results in a decrease in heat dissipation from the skin. Any alteration in this process can have serious implications, impairing the bodys ability to thermoregulate. As temperature decreases further shivering occurs. These muscular contractions help to maintain core body temperature. Humans are not the only animals to utilize evaporative heat loss process. Despite the fact that most mammals do not have sweat glands many of them are able to use this process in different ways. Birds lack sweat glands and some mammals like cats or dogs only have sweat glands on their feet. In such animals evaporative heat loss occurs by increased air movement over moist mucosal surfaces of the mouth and upper respiratory tract. This is brought about by rapid shallow breathing along with increased salivation. Another way of utilizing this process is seen in rats and kangaroos when they spread saliva on their fur. Tests in rats have shown that warming of the pre optic area of the hypothalamus results in increased saliva secretion. It also resulted in body extension which improves heat loss through the increase in effective body surface area. Many small mammals and those that hibernate exhibit another process in the thermoregulatory process. This process known as non-shivering thermogenesis occurs in response to the cold and it is regulated by the pre-optic area of the hypothalamus. It is a result of increased metabolic activity in the brown adipose tissue. The brown fat cells there are numerous fat droplets interspersed with many mitochondria. The brown adipose tissue has a rich supply and is also innervated by many sympathetic nerves. In cold conditions this non-shivering thermogenesis is activated by impulses passing down these sympathetic nerves or by the release of noradrenaline from the adrenal medulla. The free fatty acid store are burned up with the help of mitochondria and heat is produced. The rich blood supply to the area ensures blood is transported back to the core thus increasing core temperature. This process is seen in animals that hibernate, evident from the amount of brown fat found in such animals. Behavioural thermoregulation As indicated before the preoptic region plays a key role in autonomic thermoregulation, it does not however play such an important role in behavioural thermoregulation. Currently there is a lack of knowledge to indicate exactly which area of the hypothalamus is involved in behavioural thermoregulation. Behavioural responses to changes in environmental temperature occur before the internal body temperature elevates. It is from this that the assumption has been made that receptors in the skin play a key role in behavioural thermoregulation. Research has shown that the neurons responding to thermal stimulation of the skin are located in the spinal cord, with the signals from these reach areas in the cerebral cortex. However these signals, whether detected as hot or cold, cannot be a direct cause of activating the behavioural process. The reasoning behind this is that if a cold stimulus is applied to the skin of a resting animal, they perceive this as unpleasant and move away from it. Ho wever during exercise the same cold stimulus applied to the skin may be perceived as pleasant. It is because of this that the behavioural mechanisms of thermoregulation appear to be based around thermal comfort and discomfort. It has been postulated that the parastrial nucleus and the dorsomedial hypothalamic region are involved in eliciting behavioural responses. Further research however needs to be done to confirm this, possibly by examining the effect of lesions of the two areas on behavioural responses. Once the area directly responsible for eliciting behavioural responses further research can then be done into the relationship between behavioural and autonomic responses. One example of an animal that exhibits mainly behavioural thermoregulation is the lizard. Lizards are ectothermic mainly obtaining heat from external sources. Lizards are able to maintain a relatively high body temperature, unlike most other ectotherms they can do this very precisely. Much research has been carried out into the thermoregulatory process of reptiles. An early concept that was developed was that of the preferred body temperature (PBT), which is related to homeostasis. The idea being that the PBT is the optimum temperature at which the animals physiological processes take place. The PBT varies across species and in some lizards the PBT can change along with the seasons. There are a number of different ways in which the lizard obtains heat from the environment. The absorption of solar radiation or the conduction from hot air or surfaces are the main ways in which lizards gain heat. If internal temperature is too high they may reduce this by radiation from the surface, con vection or conduction to a cooler surface. Like other animals discussed before lizards are able to utilize evaporative cooling processes. In temperate climates lizards maintain a high PBT and obtain heat through absorption of solar radiation by basking in the sun, these are known as basking heliotherms. Different species of lizard exhibit different behaviour in relation to basking. The Lacerta vivipara emerges and begins to bask at a time when the activity temperature can be reached in the least time. This way they do not unnecessarily make themselves vulnerable to predators. Other lizards may emerge at a constant time independent of temperature. When basking lizards will adopt a specific posture in order to maximise body surface area and thus maximising their heat gain from the surroundings. They do this by sprawling on the ground with outstretched legs. During the day lizards will alternate between periods of activity and periods of basking. When they achieved their activity tempe rature they will stop basking and may begin actively foraging for food. During this time their internal body temperature is continually dropping and once it reaches a certain point they will have to bask again. This is a continual cycle throughout the day, observed in species known as shuttling heliotherms. Species which obtain most of their heat by conduction from hot rocks are known as thigmotherms, they are only able to in regions with intense solar radiation. Although the information on how lizards monitor their body temperature and how they use this to elicit the appropriate behavioural response is limited, the assumption is made that they must have thermal receptors in the skin. While maintaining a high body temperature the lizard will exhibit a lower metabolic rate than mammals, the reason being that they obtain most of their heat by thermal radiation. However lizards do generate some heat by metabolism but as they do not have fur, feathers or other insulatory means seen in h ometherms this heat is lost very quickly. Research has shown that heart rate can effect thermoregulation in these animals. During cooling the animals heart rate decreases thus decreasing blood flow and conserving heat. As seen in other animals, these reptiles exhibit some control over peripheral blood flow through the sympathetic vasoconstriction or vasodilation of blood vessels. Evolution of homethermy Endotherms like birds and mammals are different from ectotherms in that they have substantially higher standard metabolic rate. When the ambient temperature is reduced endotherms may raise their metabolic rate to generate heat, as opposed to ectotherms such as the lizard which simply allow their body temperature to drop. The evolution of this process of homeothermy may have occurred in stages with the first being the development of behavioural thermoregulation. As seen in the lizard this can become very precise. Once this level of thermoregulation had been achieved enzymes may have become adapted to function optimally at the PBT. Along with a gradual increase in the importance of metabolic heat and development of fur, feathers and subcutaneous fat to retain the heat homeothermy eventually evolved. Consequences of homethermy The evolution of homethermy has many advantages, in that it gives such animals independence from changes in environmental temperature. There are however some downfalls to this process. In order to maintain their high body temperature they must also maintain a high metabolic rate. To do so homeothermic animals must eat a lot more than poikiotherms and they must do so continually. This can be a big problem for small mammals or birds which lose heat fairly quickly. These smaller animals must feed voraciously just to maintain their body temperature. Adaptions to cold Many animals have had to adapt to survive in climates where they are exposed to severe cold conditions. There is a number of ways in which they do this, either through migration, adapting itself to tolerate the cold or it can go into hibernation. Some poikiotherms such as faced with extreme cold have demonstrated adaptions to avoid freezing through the secretion of glycerol. Through this they are able to reduce the freezing point of the body fluids. Another adaption to surviving extreme cold conditions is known as supercooling. This phenomenon is the ability to tolerate temperatures lower than the typical freezing point. One experiment demonstrated that fish taken from deep water had a freezing point between -0.9 and -1.0 C, yet the temperature of the water from which they were taken was -1.73C. Thus they are demonstrating supercooling. It is through this process that deep water fish are able to survive such low temperatures. Another adaption to climatic stress is hibernation. During hibernation, body temperature decreases to approximately that of the surrounding environment. Heart rate and metabolic rate also drop to a minimal level. Animals that hibernate are homeothermic during the summer but under the cold conditions of winter they become poikilothermic. During hibernation the animal remains inactive with greatly reduced metabolic requirements. The animal sustains these small requirements through its energy stores. If surrounding conditions get too low the animals metabolic rate may increase to generate heat. Some species also exhibit another process in regulating their body temperature. This process is a cycle between phases of intense activity with phases of torpor. This is a daily cycle exhibited in small birds and mammals that have high metabolic rates. An animal that exhibits such behaviour is the insectivorous bat. Their particular aerial habits inhibit them from carrying large energy stores. Studies have shown that torpor is important in energy maintenance during the summer diurnal roosting of the N. geoffroy. While resting, the energetic cost of maintaining a  constant, high (normothermic) body temperature (Tb) in small  bats rises steeply when ambient temperature (Ta) decreases below  about 30_C (Herreid and Schmidt-Nielsen 1966; Kulzer et  al. 1970; Genoud 1993; Geiser and Brigham 2000). Hence, thermoregulation  throughout the diurnal rest phase can be energetically  expensive, even at relatively high roost Ta. Furthermore,  during cool weather, insect activity and therefore foraging  success and energy intake of insectivorous bats typically declines  dramatically (Paige 1995; Hickey and Fenton 1996). Torpor is  likely an important factor in allowing insectivorous bats to  manage their energy expenditure nd survive in temperate climates  

Fin300 Midterm

Ryerson University CFIN300 Midterm Exam Fall 2007 There are 2. 0 hours in this exam. Version A Student Name____________________________ (Please Print) Student Number_________________________________ Notes: 1. This is a closed book exam. You may only have pens, pencils and a calculator at your desk. 2. A formula sheet is attached to the end of the exam. You may detach the formula sheet from the exam. Please fill out the scanner sheet as you go along in the exam. You will not be given extra time at the end of the exam to fill it out. 3.Select the best possible answer for each multiple-choice question 4. Each of the 30 MC questions is worth 1 mark Marks: Available Total 30_________ There are 14 pages in this exam. |2. |Poor Dog, Inc. borrowed $135,000 from the bank today. They must repay this money over the next six years by making monthly | | |payments of $2,215. 10. What is the interest rate on the loan? Express your answer with annual compounding. | |A) |5. 98% | |B) |6. 63% | |C) |4 . 1% | |D) |5. 65% | |E) |5. 80% | |3. |How much would you pay for a security that pays you $500 every 4 months for the next 10 years if you require a return of 8% per | | |year compounded monthly? | |A) |$11,228. 48 | |B) |$15,000. 00 | |C) |$10,260. 0 | |D) |$13,724. 90 | |E) |$10,200. 23 | |4. |You can earn 5% per year compounded annually for the next 4 years, followed by 8% per year compounded quarterly for 5 years. | | |What is the average annual compounded rate of return over the 9 year period? Express your answer with monthly compounding. | |A) | | |B) |6. 2% | |C) |6. 97% | |D) |6. 43% | |E) |6. 59% | |5. |You have just purchased a house for $540,000 with a $200,000 down payment. You are going to get a mortgage at the TF bank for | | |the balance. TF is charging a rate of 5. 8% per year compounded semi-annually on 5 year term mortgages.You want to make weekly| | |payments amortized over 20 years. What is your weekly payment? | |A) |$877. 60 | |B) |$549. 01 | |C) |$545. 47 | |D) | | |E) |$871. 92 | |6. |Master Meter is planning on constructing a new $20 million facility. The company plans to pay 20% of the cost in cash and | | |finance the balance.How much will each monthly loan payment be if they can borrow the necessary funds for 30 years at 9% per | | |year compounded semi-annually? | |A) |$128,740 | |B) |$158,567 | |C) |$160,925 | |D) |$141,982 | |E) |$126,853 | 7. |Gerry Industries has some 8% (per year compounded semi-annually) coupon bonds on the market that are selling at $989, pay | | |interest semi-annually, and mature in fifteen years. The company would like to issue $1 million in new fifteen-year bonds. What | | |coupon rate should be applied to the new bonds if Gerry Industries wants to sell them at par? Express your answer with | | |semi-annual compounding. | |A) |8. 00% | |B) |8. 3% | |C) |7. 87% | |D) |8. 13% | |E) |8. 26% | |8. |You have decided to save $30 a week for the next three years as an emergency fund. You can earn 3. 5 % per year compounded | | |weekly. How much would you have to deposit in one lump sum today to have the same amount in your savings at the end of three | | |years? |A) |$4,441. 26 | |B) |$4,382. 74 | |C) |$4,288. 87 | |D) |$4,305. 19 | |E) |$4,414. 14 | |9. |A credit card company charges you an interest rate of 1. 25% per month.The annual percentage rate is ____ and the effective | | |annual rate is _______. | |A) |15. 00%; 16. 08% | |B) |16. 08%; 15. 00% | |C) |15. 00%; 15. 00% | |D) |15. 00%; 14. 55% | |E) |14. 55%; 15. 00% | |10. The Friendly Bank wants to earn an effective annual rate of 9% on its auto loans. If interest is compounded monthly, what APR | | |must they charge? | |A) |8. 65% | |B) |9. 17% | |C) |8. 58% | |D) |9. 38% | |E) |8. 44% | Use the following to answer question 11: |Rondolo, Inc. |2006 Income Statement | |Net Sales |$12,800 | |Less: Cost of Goods Sold |10,400 | |Less: Depreciation |680 | |Earnings Before Interest and Taxes |1,720 | |Less: Interest Pa id |280 | |Taxable Income |$1,440 | |Less: Taxes |500 | |Net Income |$940 | | Dividends |$423 | | Additions to retained earnings |$517 | |Rondolo, Inc. |2006 Balance Sheet | |Cash | |$520 | |Accounts payable | |$1,810 | |Accounts rec | |1,080 | |Long-term debt | |3,600 | |Inventory | |3,120 | |Common stock | |5,000 | |Total | |$4,720 | |Retained earnings | |1,790 | |Net fixed assets | |7,480 | | | | | |Total assets | |$12,200 | |Total liabilities & equity | |$12,200 | | | | | | | | | |11. |Rondolo, Inc. is currently operating at maximum capacity. All costs, assets, and current liabilities vary directly with sales. | | |The tax rate and the dividend payout ratio will remain constant.How much additional debt is required if no new equity is raised| | |and sales are projected to increase by 4 percent? | |A) |-$122. 08 | |B) |$598. 75 | |C) |$416. 00 | |D) |-$562. 50 | |E) |$318. 01 | |12. |Your brother-in-law borrowed $2,000 from you four years ago and then disappeared. Yesterday he returned and expressed a desire | | |to pay back the loan, including the interest accrued.Assuming that you had agreed to charge him 10% per year compounded | | |annually, and assuming that he wishes to make five equal annual payments beginning in one year, how much would your | | |brother-in-law have to pay you annually in order to pay off the debt? (Assume that the loan continues to accrue interest at 10% | | |per year. ) | |A) |$738. 63 | |B) |$798. 24 | |C) |$772. 45 | |D) |$697. 43 | |E) |$751. 46 | |13. |What information to you need to find the 3 year forward rate starting 2 years from now? |A) |2 and 5 year zero coupon spot rates | |B) |3-year zero coupon spot rate | |C) |2 and 3 year zero coupon spot rates | |D) |5 year zero coupon spot rate | |E) |3 and 5 year zero coupon spot rates | |14. |You have been making payments for the last 25 years and have finally paid off your mortgage.Your original mortgage was for | | |$345,000 and the interest rate was 5% per year comp ounded semi-annually for the entire 25 year period. How much interest have | | |you paid over the last 5 years of the mortgage? | |A) | | |B) |$120,392. 23 | |C) |$13,931. 87 | |D) |$80,743. 13 | |E) |$106,460. 37 | |15. |Which of the following is (are) sources of cash? | | | | | |I. | |an increase in accounts receivable | | | | | |II. | | |a decrease in common stock | | | | | |III. | | |an increase in long-term debt | | | | | |IV. | |a decrease in accounts payable | | | | |A) |I, II, and IV only | |B) |II and IV only | |C) |I only | |D) |III only | |E) |I and III only | |16. Financial planning allows firms to: | | | | | |I. | | |avoid future losses. | | | | | |II. | | |develop contingency plans. | | | | | |III. | | |ascertain expected financing needs. | | | | | |IV. | | |explore and evaluate various options. | | | |A) |I, II, III, and IV | |B) |I and IV only | |C) |III and IV only | |D) |II and III only | |E) |II, III, and IV only | Use the following to answer q uestion 17: |Current |$100 | |Assets | | |A) |$52. 00 | |B) |$22. 50 | |C) |$0. 00 | |D) |$4. 50 | |E) |$29. 50 | |18. |A new security will pay an initial cash flow of $100 in 1 year. Thereafter it will pay cash flows every month for the rest of | | |time.The cash flows will grow at 3% per year compounded monthly forever. If you require a return of 6% per year compounded | | |monthly, how much would you be willing to pay for this security? | |A) |$18,932. 30 | |B) |$40,000. 00 | |C) |$37,864. 59 | |D) |$33,333. 33 | |E) |$20,000. 00 | |19. |Which one of the following actions is the best example of an agency problem? |A) |Basing management bonuses on the attainment of specific financial goals | |B) |Requiring stockholders approval of all management compensation decisions | |C) |Paying management bonuses based on the current market value of the firm's stock | |D) |Paying management bonuses based on the number of store locations opened during the year | |E) |Accepting a project th at enhances both management salaries and the market value of the firm's stock | |20. |The bonds of Frank's Welding, Inc. pay an 8% annual coupon, have a 7. 98% (per year compounded annually) yield to maturity and | | |have a face value of $1,000. The current rate of inflation is 2. 5% per year compounded annually.What is the real rate of return| | |on these bonds? | |A) |5. 42 percent | |B) |5. 48 percent | |C) |5. 35 percent | |D) |5. 37 percent | |E) |5. 32 percent | |21. |What is the future value of the following cash flows at the end of year 3 if the interest rate is 6% per year compounded | | |annually? The cash flows occur at the end of each year. | | | | |Year 1 | | |Year 2 | | |Year 3 | | | | | |$5,180 | | |$9,600 | | |$2,250 | | | | |A) |$19,341. 02 | |B) |$15,916. 8 | |C) |$19,608. 07 | |D) |$18,246. 25 | |E) |$18,109. 08 | |22. |The I. C. James Co. invested $10,000 six years ago at 5% per year simple interest. The I. M. Smart Co. invested $10,000 six years | | |a go at 5% per year compounded annually. Which one of the following statements is true concerning these two investments? | | | | | |I. | | |The I. C.James Co. has an account value of $13,400. 96 today. | | | | | |II. | | |The I. C. James Co. will have an account value of $13,400. 96 six years from now. | | | | | |III. | | |The I. M Smart Co. will earn $525 interest in the second year. | | | | | |IV. | | |Both the I. C. James Co. and the I. M. Smart Co. will earn $500 interest in the first year. | | | |A) |II, III and IV only | |B) |II and IV only | |C) |I and III only | |D) |III and IV only | |E) |I, III and IV only | |23. |The bonds of Microhard, Inc. carry a 10% annual coupon, have a $1,000 face value, and mature in four years. Bonds of equivalent| | |risk yield 15% (per year compounded annually). Microhard is having cash flow problems and has asked its bondholders to accept | | |the following deal: The firm would like to make the next three coupon payments at half the schedu led amount, and make the final | | |coupon payment be $251.If this plan is implemented, the market price of the bond will (rise/fall) to ___________. (Continue to| | |assume a 15% required return. ) | |A) |$892. 51 | |B) |$865. 45 | |C) |$829. 42 | |D) |$808. 89 | |E) |$851. 25 | |24. Your older sister deposited $5,000 today at 8% per year compounded annually for five years. You would like to have just as much | | |money at the end of the next five years as your sister. However, you can only earn 6% per year compounded annually. How much | | |more money must you deposit today than your sister if you are to have the same amount at the end of five years? | |A) |$367. 32 | |B) |$399. 05 | |C) |$489. 84 | |D) |$201. 0 | |E) |$423. 81 | |25. |Net income differs from operating cash flow due to the handling of: | |A) |Interest expense and depreciation. | |B) |Depreciation and dividends. | |C) |Dividends and non-interest expense. | |D) |Dividends and interest expense. | |E) |Dividends, interest expense, and depreciation. | |26. |Shirley adds $1,000 to her savings on the last day of each month. Shawn adds $1,000 to his savings on the first day of each | | |month.They both earn an 8% per year compounded quarterly rate of return. What is the difference in their savings account | | |balances at the end of 35 years? | |A) |$13,923. 34 | |B) |$15,794. 64 | |C) |$16,776. 34 | |D) |$14,996. 47 | |E) |$12,846. 88 | Use the following to answer questions 27-30: |KLM, Inc. |2006 Income Statement | |Net sales |$3,685 | |Cost of goods sold |$3,180 | |Depreciation |$104 | |Earnings before interest and taxes |$401 | |Interest paid |$25 | |Taxable income |$376 | |Taxes |$128 | |Net income |$248 | |Dividends paid |$60 | |Addition to retained earnings |$188 | | | |KLM Corporation | |Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2005 and 2006 | | | | |2005 |2006 | |2005 |2006 | |Cash |$520 |$601 |Accounts payable |$621 |$704 | |Accounts rec. $235 |$219 |Notes payable |$333 |$272 | |Inv entory |$964 |$799 |Current liabilities |$954 |$976 | |Current assets |$1,719 |$1,619 |Long-term debt |$350 |$60 | |Net fixed assets |$890 |$930 |Common stock |$800 |$820 | | | | |Retained earnings |$505 |$693 | |Total assets |$2,609 |$2,549 |Total liabilities and Owner's equity |$2,609 |$2,549 | |27. |What is the net capital spending for 2006? | |A) |$208 | |B) |$144 | |C) |-$144 | |D) |$64 | |E) |-$64 | |28. |What is the cash flow from assets for 2006? |A) |$1,307 | |B) |$2,259 | |C) |$355 | |D) |$2,503 | |E) |$111 | |29. |What is the operating cash flow for 2006? | |A) |$480 | |B) |$169 | |C) |$425 | |D) |$272 | |E) |$377 | |30. |What is the change in net working capital for 2006? |A) |$122 | |B) |$643 | |C) |$765 | |D) |-$643 | |E) |-$122 | |31. |A number of years ago you bought some land for $100,000. Today it is worth $225,000. If the land has been rising is price by | | |5% per year compounded annually, how long have you owned the land? | |A) |14. 1 years | |B) |16. years | |C) |Can't be determined with the given information | |D) |13. 8 years | |E) |12. 4 years | |FV = PV (1+tr) |[pic] | |FV = PV (1+r)t |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |Total Dollar Return (TDR) = Dividend Income + Capital Gain (Loss) | | | | | |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |Variance of returns [pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |Arbitrage Pricing Theory |PV of CCA tax shield [pic] | |[pic] | | |Current Ratio |= |Current Assets | |Total Asset |= |Sales | | | |Current Liabilities | |Turnover | |Total Assets | | | | | | | | | |Quick Ratio |= |Current Assets – Inventory | |ROA |= |Net Income | | |Current Liabilities | | | |Total Assets | | | | | | | | | |Inventory Turnover |= |COGS | |ROE |= |Net Income | | | |Inventory | | | |Total Equity | | | | | | | | | |Cash Ratio |= |Cash | |P/E Ratio |= |Price/common share | | | |Current Liabilities | | | |E PS | | | | | | | | | |Receivables |= |Sales | |Dividend Payout |= |DPS | |Turnover | |Accounts Receivable | |Ratio | |EPS | | | | | | | | | |D/E Ratio |= |Total Debt | |Dividend Payout |= |Cash Dividends | | | |Total Equity | |Ratio | |Net Income | | | | | | | | | |Total Debt Ratio |= |Total Debt | |Market to Book | |Price / Common share | | | |Total Assets | |Ratio |= |Book value of equity | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Equity multiplier |= |Total Assets | |Profit |= |Net Income | | | |Total Equity |Margin | |Sales | | | | | | | | | |Net Working |= |Net Working Capital | |Interval Measure |= |Current Assets | |Capital-Total Asset | |Total Assets | | | |Average Daily Operating Costs | | | | | | | | | |Long Term Debt |= |Long Term Debt | |Cash Coverage |= |EBIT + Depreciation | |Ratio | |Total Equity + LT Debt | |Ratio | |Interest | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Days’ Sales in |= |365 Days | |Days’ Sales in |= |365 Days | |Receivables | |Receivables Turnover | |Inv entory | |Inventory Turnover | | | | | | | | | |Internal Growth |= |ROA x R | |‘Sustainable |= |ROE x R | |Rate | |1 – ROA x R | |Growth Rate | |1 – ROE x R | | | | | | | | | | | | | |‘Sustainable |= |p(S/A)(1+D/E) x R | | | | | |Growth Rate | |1 – p(S/A)(1+D/E) x R | | | | | | | | | |NWC |= |Sales | |Fixed Asset |= |Sales | |Turnover | |NWC | |Turnover | |Net Fixed Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Times Interest |= |EBIT | |CF from Assets = | | | | | |Operating CF – Cap Ex – Additions to NWC | | | | | | | | | | | |Operating CF = EBIT + Deprec – Tax | | | | | |=Sales – Costs – Taxes | | | | | |= (Sales – Costs) x (1 – Tc) + Deprec x Tc | | | | | | | | | | | |Cap Ex = End Gross FA – Beg Gross FA | | | | | |Cap Ex = End Net FA – Beg Net FA + Deprec | | | | | | | | | | |Add to NWC = End NWC – Beg NWC | | | | | | | | | | | |CF to Debtholders = Interest – Net New Debt | | | | | | | | | | | |CF to Shareholders = Divs – Net New Equity | | | | | | | | | | | |CF from Assets = CF to Debtholders + CF to | | | | | |Shareholders | |Earned | |Interest Charges | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Answer Key |2. |E | |3. |E | |4. |E | |5. B | |6. |E | |7. |D | |8. |A | |9. |A | |10. |A | |11. |A | |12. |C | |13. |A | |14. C | |15. |D | |16. |E | |17. |E | |18. |C | |19. |D | |20. |C | |21. |D | |22. D | |23. |C | |24. |C | |25. |A | |26. |D | |27. |B | |28. |C | |29. |E | |30. |E | |31. |B |